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What is Fistula, Fistula symptoms, Fistula causes, Fistula types, Fistula diagnosis and Fistula treatment

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Fistula repair surgery in India is performed at world class hospitals that are attracting many patients from across the world. The reason for the global appreciation is the availability of less cost options. Another reason for the global appreciation of Fistula repair surgery in India is because it is performed under the supervision of renowned surgeons. Many patients come to India to get their treatment at advanced Indian hospitals. Indian medical tourism is earning great reputation for its world class facilities at an affordable cost budget and assisting its abroad patients well.

 

What is a Fistula?

 

A Fistula is an abnormal tunnel connecting two body cavities (such as the rectum and the vagina) or a body cavity to the skin (like the rectum to the outside of the body). One way a Fistula may form is from an abscess – a pocket of pus in the body. The abscess may be constantly filling with body fluids such as stool or urine, which prevents healing. Eventually the Fistula breaks through to the skin, another body cavity, or an organ. Fistulas are more common in Crohn’s disease than in ulcerative colitis.

What are the Symptoms of Fistula?

 

Ongoing pain, swelling and tenderness are symptoms of fistula. You may also experience drainage of pus and fluid from the abscess, which can cause irritation and itching of the skin around the anus. Moreover besides these, the other symptoms of Fistula include fever, chills, fatigue or weakness. Itching feeling in vagina and generally feeling poorly.

 

 

What are the Causes of Fistula?

 

A Fistula is usually caused by an anal abscess, an infection-filled cavity occurring in the underlying tissues of the anal canal. When an abscess bursts or is opened, and the pus or fluid drains from it, an anal Fistula is often formed. It then remains open, even after the abscess has healed. If the patient have an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) such as diverticulitis, colitis or Crohn’s, you are more likely to develop an anal abscess and Fistula. Individuals with diseases that reduce the body’s immunity such as AIDS or cancer are also at higher risk. The other causes of Fistula include:

 

Caused during child birth
Prolonged labor
Cutting off blood flow to the vesicovaginal wall

 

How is Fistula Diagnosed?

 

Your physician may be able to diagnose the Fistula by physically examining the area surrounding the anus. However, if external signs are missing, then an internal exam will be necessary. An instrument called an anoscope is used to inspect the anal canal and rectum for indications of an abscess or other inflammation of Fistula.

 

 

What are the types of Fistula?

 

Enterocutaneous: This type of Fistula is formed from the intestine to the skin. It can be described as a passageway that progresses from the intestine to the surgery site and then to the skin.

 

Enteroenteric or Enterocolic: This is a Fistula that involves the large or small intestine.

 

Enterovaginal: This is a Fistula that goes to the vagina.

 

Enterovesicular: This type of Fistula goes to the bladder.

 

 

How is Fistula treated?

In Fistula repair surgery the patient is placed in the dorsal lithotomy position for adequate exposure of the Fistula. A large mediolateral episiotomy is frequently required and should be carried up to the area of the Fistula. With adequate exposure the Fistula tract can be excised with a scalpel. In its surgery the incision is carried around the circumference of the fistula. The margin of the Fistula tract is elevated with thumb forceps and excised with metzenbaum scissors. The entire tract is dissected. The layers of the bladder wall and vagina should be adequately delineated, and each of these layers should be mobilized to allow the layers to be drawn together with fine sutures. The bladder mucosa is identified and closed with interrupted synthetic absorbable suture in the submucosal layer. Using a second layer, the bladder muscle, is closed with synthetic absorbable suture. The bladder muscle is completely closed over the fistula area with interrupted synthetic absorbable suture. At this point an external blood supply for the fistula site is needed. This can be given from the bulbocavernosus muscle from beneath the labia majora, or from the vaginal canal, the gracilis muscle from the leg or the rectus abdominis muscle that can be brought in to cover the fistula site.

 

 

Complications associated with Fistula repair surgery –

 

Post operative failure
Recurrent fistula formation
Injury to bowel, intestine or ureter
Vaginal shortening

 

 

Fistula repair surgery in India

 

Hospitals in India providing Fistula repair surgery are rapidly gaining ground in the international scenario as a popular destination for foreign travelers, international students for migrating to this mystical land for health and medical tourism. Medical tourism is also giving a helping hand to the patients who want to get their Fistula repair surgery done in India with the best lodging and medical care amenities at Indian hospitals and clinics. The medical tourists apart from having their required medical treatments can also have their holidays in India, which can be a great fun and interestingly doesn’t cost much. So even if you have to recuperate for some time, it would be light on your wallet.

 

To know more about Fistula repair surgery in India, please log on to: www.forerunnershealthcare.com or mail your queries at enquiry@forerunnershealthcare.com or call us at: +91-9371136499, +91- 9860755000 (International) / + 1-415-599-2537 (USA) / +44-20-8133-2571 (UK)

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